Masculinities in a “Strange World” - Disney and the positive representation of non-heterosexual black men
Nuances: Estudos sobre Educação, Presidente Prudente, v. 34, n. 00, e023022, 2023. e-ISSN: 2236-0441
DOI: https://doi.org/10.32930/nuances.v34i00.9893 18
people who were already here and lived subjugated and plundered, genealogical, ethnic, and
cultural recognition does not reach many black people to this day, who only know their origins
through their Negroid features, sometimes by their dark skin, by hair textures, and by the
narratives of abuses that run through families.
The loss of ethnic, family, and cultural history poses risks to the construction of
subjectivity, especially when competing with narratives that elevate some and degrade "others."
According to the Portuguese researcher Grada Kilomba (2019), being compulsorily and
constantly placed in the position of "other" already exempts and exposes the denial of existence,
thus affecting subjectivity, which is crossed by the lack of subject status. Black and non-white
bodies, constantly presented as "others" and different, deal with the invalidation of their
representations, with their nonexistence, and with the materialization of what white people do
not want associated with themselves and their race (it is worth noting that white is a race), even
though "white people do not usually think about what it means to belong to this group
[whiteness], as the racial debate is always focused on blackness" (RIBEIRO, 2019, p. 31, our
translation), on the "other."
Every time I am placed as the "other" - whether the unwanted "other," the
intrusive "other," the dangerous "other," the violent "other," the passionate
"other," the dirty "other," the excited "other," the wild "other," the natural
"other," the desirable "other," or the exotic "other" - I am inevitably
experiencing racism, for I am being forced to become the personification of
what the white subject does not want to be recognized as. I become the "Other"
of whiteness, not the self - and, therefore, the right to exist as an equal is denied
to me (KILOMBA, 2019, p. 78, our translation).
The impossibility of establishing oneself as a subject, as already evidenced by Kilomba
(2019), results in non-white individuals facing difficulties in social and political interferences.
According to the racist logic, which establishes a social hierarchy based on "difference,"
narratives and representations of non-white people have been and continue to be targeted and
idealized by whiteness, which establishes itself as the norm. Kilomba (2019, p. 79) identifies
five ways in which the black subject is understood and highlighted as the "other," through
infantilization, creating the idea of dependency; primitivization, associated with savagery and
nature; incivility, identified as violent individuals and threats to society; animalization,
personifying animals, wildness, and primates; and finally, eroticization, in hypersexualization
and sexual instincts. Based on these forms, those who have the ability to create narratives and
representations construct imaginaries that become fixed in the social sphere. Nevertheless,